CMIP6通量距平强迫模式比较计划（FAFMIP）概况与评述     

王雅琦  刘海龙  靳江波  林鹏飞  马金峰  李逸文  于子棚  杨茜  孙志阔  丁梦蓉  孟瑶 《气候变化研究进展》2019,15(5):481-486

通量距平强迫模式比较计划（FAFMIP）是第六次国际耦合模式比较计划（CMIP6）的子计划之一。FAFMIP共设计了5组试验,利用CMIP6中的大气-海洋耦合环流模式（AOGCM）对海表施加动量通量、热通量和淡水通量扰动,旨在研究在CO₂强迫下模式模拟的海洋热吸收,由热膨胀引起的全球平均海平面上升,及由海洋密度和环流导致的动力海平面变化等方面的不确定性。  相似文献   

2017年6月一次华南沿海强降水的对流性特征及热动力机制研究     

曾智琳  谌芸  朱克云 《大气科学》2019,43(6):1295-1312

在华南北部或长江流域有锋面雨带活动时,华南沿海常常会出现对流性强降水,突发性很强,给预报造成很大的困惑。文章采用多种观测资料、ERA-Interim 0.125°×0.125°逐6 h再分析资料,对2017年6月15～16日华南北部的锋面雨带及沿海强降雨过程开展分析,对比了二者降水特征与环境条件,重点探讨了该次过程华南沿海强降雨的对流触发与维持,揭示了一种由边界层风切变强迫造成涡度持续发展的动力效应。结果表明:（1）锋面雨带与华南沿海强降雨在降水特征上有显著差异,并各有特点。锋面雨带以大尺度层状云降水和弱对流性降水为主,降水强度东段弱西段强。沿海强降雨以对流性降水为主,局地性强、落区集中、强降雨持续时间长、夜发性明显。（2）水汽方程诊断发现沿海强降雨在边界层水平水汽平流项、垂直水汽输送项比锋面雨带东段具有更大量级,大气层结反映出更深厚的暖层、湿层与对流不稳定,是二者降水强度及性质差异的主要原因。（3）莲花山、峨眉嶂造成气流侧向摩擦与正面阻挡促使漯河河谷内垂直涡度发展,暖湿空气堆积上升并达到自由对流高度,触发了华南沿海最初的降水。夜间建立的西南风急流使边界层垂直风速切变增强,水平涡度倾斜部分转化为垂直涡度发展,与风速水平切变造成的垂直涡度叠加,是强降雨持续时间长的动力机制。海陆边界摩擦差异造成水平、垂直两个方向的风切变增强,共同强迫垂直涡度发展是此次强降雨过程对流维持的动力效应。（4）方程诊断表明华南沿海强降雨由对流潜热释放造成的垂直上升速度占总垂直上升速度的39%～75%,持续、稳定的对流潜热释放是强降雨持续时间长的热力驱动因素。  相似文献   

Garnet crystal plasticity in the continental crust,new example from south Madagascar     

J.‐E. MARTELAT  K. MALAMOUD  P. CORDIER  B. RANDRIANASOLO  K. SCHULMANN  J.‐M. LARDEAUX 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2012,30(4):435-452

Garnet (10 vol.%; pyrope contents 34–44 mol.%) hosted in quartzofeldspathic rocks within a large vertical shear zone of south Madagascar shows a strong grain‐size reduction (from a few cm to ～300 μm). Electron back‐scattered diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscope imaging coupled with quantitative analysis of digitized images (PolyLX software) have been used in order to understand the deformation mechanisms associated with this grain‐size evolution. The garnet grain‐size reduction trend has been summarized in a typological evolution (from Type I to Type IV). Type I, the original porphyroblasts, form cm‐sized elongated grains that crystallized upon multiple nucleation and coalescence following biotite breakdown: biotite + sillimanite + quartz = garnet + alkali feldspar + rutile + melt. These large garnet grains contain quartz ribbons and sillimanite inclusions. Type I garnet is sheared along preferential planes (sillimanite layers, quartz ribbons and/or suitably oriented garnet crystallographic planes) producing highly elongated Type II garnet grains marked by a single crystallographic orientation. Further deformation leads to the development of a crystallographic misorientation, subgrains and new grains resulting in Type III garnet. Associated grain‐size reduction occurs via subgrain rotation recrystallization accompanied by fast diffusion‐assisted dislocation glide. This plastic deformation of garnet is associated with efficient recovery as shown by the very low dislocation densities (10¹⁰ m^?3 or lower). The rounded Type III garnet experiences rigid body rotation in fine‐grained matrix. In the highly deformed samples, the deformation mechanisms in garnet are grain‐size‐ and shape‐dependent: dislocation creep is dominant for the few large grains left (>1 mm; Type II garnet), rigid body rotation is typical for the smaller rounded grains (300 μm or less; Type III garnet) whereas diffusion creep may affect more elliptic garnet (Type IV garnet). The P–T conditions of garnet plasticity in the continental crust (≥950 °C; 11 kbar) have been identified using two‐feldspar thermometry and GASP conventional barometry. The garnet microstructural and deformation mechanisms evolution, coupled with grain‐size decrease in a fine‐grained steady‐state microstructure of quartz, alkali feldspar and plagioclase, suggests a separate mechanical evolution of garnet with respect to felsic minerals within the shear zone.  相似文献   

The Mathematic Models of the Kalman Filtering for Across-Fault Measurement     

You Lilan  Liu Dajie  Huang Jia'na  Liu Xue  Zhou KechangInstitute of Crustat Dynamics  SSB  Beijing  China Wuhan Technical University of Surveying  Mapping  Wuhan  China National Center for Seismic Data  Inforraanon  SSB  Beijing  China 《中国地震研究》1994,(3)

This paper makes a probe into the application of the Kalman filtering method to the data processing of across-fault measurements.On the basis of statistical regression,the mathematic and stochastic models of filtration are established by combining the regression method with Kalman filtering.In the filtering computation,not only the randomness of fault movements but also the time-dependent variation of environmental effects have been taken into consideration.By use of the adaptive filtering method,an estimation of the dynamic noise variance matrix is obtained through iteration.Models for one measuring line(leveling line or baseline),two measuring lines(both leveling lines or both baselines)and four measuring lines(two leveling lines and two baselines)are derived and established systematically.By means of these models,the data of across-fault measurements can be processed dynamically in real-time to provide the filtered values of height difference between benchmarks or baseline length at different time in  相似文献   

利用一维时间序列重建动力系统的初步研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

彭永清  朱育峰  严绍瑾 《应用气象学报》1993,(Z1)

通过对月平均气温一维时间序列作相空间拓展,和假定相空间状态变量随时间的演化方程含有线性和非线性二次项,再根据拓展后的资料进行拟合,利用最小二乘法求出各项系数,保留其方差贡献大的项,以重建动力系统.实际计算结果表明,重建的低阶动力系统有可能对月平均气温所表征的短期气候演化过程的非线性特性作出描写.  相似文献   

流域地貌系统的侵蚀演化与耗散结构   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

马新中  陆中臣 《地理学报》1993,48(4):367-376

通过耗散结构的方法和概念,建立了流域地貌系统中熵产生和超熵产生的表达式。以此分析了流域系统的动力学机制,以黄土高原丘陵沟壑区为例,建立了流域地貌系统的侵蚀演化模型。定量描述了黄土高原丘陵沟壑区流域系统的侵蚀旋回,确定了流域的发育阶段。分析了流域系统侵蚀状况的空间不均匀性。  相似文献   

Focal mechanisms of large earthquakes in the South Island of New Zealand: implications for the accommodation of Pacific-Australia plate motion     

Helen Anderson  Terry Webb  James Jackson 《Geophysical Journal International》1993,115(3):1032-1054

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Results from a new model of river basin evolution   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Garry Willgoose  Rafael L. Bras  Ignacio Rodriguez-Iturbe 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1991,16(3):237-254

This paper briefly describes a model of the erosional development of catchments and their channel networks. The model differentiates between the dominant transport processes in hillslope and channels. The development of channels and hillslopes occurs in an integrated manner as a function of physically observable mechanisms. The growth of a river basin is qualitatively described. The model concepts are used to study the basin during periods of growth (transient periods), as well as during dynamic equilibrium. This leads to hypotheses about the relationship between slopes, relief, tectonic uplift, erodability, runoff, and catchment area. It is shown that the model leads to very reasonable and desirable behaviour of hillslopes during retreat and degradation.  相似文献   

基于动恣规划的整体影像匹配   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

仇彤 《测绘学报》1994,(4)

影像匹配是数字摄影测量工作的基础。考虑到多条核线上的匹配点，本文提出了一种基于动态规划的整体影像匹配方法，构造了一种新的立体匹配模型，并将该模型转化成为简单的一维动态规划模型，采用对角线的方法划分阶段，用视差较和相关系数来构造阶段的代价函数，从而得到了基于动态规划的整体最优匹配结果。  相似文献   

直记式强震加速度仪的动态特性与高频误差分析     

张卫东 《东北地震研究》1994,(1)

本文在时域、频域范围内，对直记式ＱＺＹ型（中国）、ＳＭＡ—１型（美国）、ＳＭＡＣ—Ｂ２型（日本）强震加速度仪的动态特性进行了分析，给出了评价系统跟踪和复现地震加速度信号的快速性、平稳性和准确性的动态性能指标．在此基础上，分析和讨论了直记式加速度仪的高频误差，给出了系统幅频，相频相对畸变误差公式和系统参数设置的误差估计方法，计算了加速度仪系统的高频误差分布．最后，讨论了高频误差的校正方法．  相似文献